Excited‐State Symmetry Breaking in an Aza‐Nanographene Dye

Chiral Symmetry Breaking in an External Field ∗

The effects of an external field on the dynamics of chiral symmetry breaking are studied using quenched, ladder QED as our model gauge field theory. It is found that a uniform external magnetic field enables the chiral symmetry to be spontaneously broken at weak gauge couplings, in contrast with the situation when no external field is present. The broken chiral symmetry is restored at high temp...

Symmetry Breaking in Tournaments

We provide upper bounds for the determining number and the metric dimension of tournaments. A set of vertices S ⊆ V (T ) is a determining set for a tournament T if every nontrivial automorphism of T moves at least one vertex of S, while S is a resolving set for T if every two distinct vertices in T have different distances to some vertex in S. We show that the minimum size of a determining set ...

Symmetry Breaking

Symmetry occurs in many problems in aritifical intelligence. For example, in the n-queens problem, the chessboard can be rotated 90◦. As a second example, several machines in a factory might have the same capacity. In a production schedule, we might therefore be able to swap the jobs on machines with the same capacity. As a third example, two people within a company might have the same skills. ...

Symmetry Breaking

Breaking symmetry in myxobacteria

Multicellular animals and plants develop from genetically equivalent cells, yet neighboring cells often adopt different fates. Some well-studied examples are the formation of sensory bristles from a sheet of uniform neuroectodermal cells in Drosophila, and the formation of hair or feathers in the uniform skin ectoderm of vertebrates. This breaking of symmetry within groups of equivalent cells d...